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Sixties
Within the Sixties Dartmouth BASIC programming language [7] was designed and applied at Dartmouth School by John Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz. Over time BASIC turned a well-liked language for dwelling customers, and enterprise use, it launched many individuals to programming as a passion or profession. Most of the trendy ideas of pc graphics, dynamic objects and object oriented programming have been prototyped by Ivan Sutherland in 1963 in Sketchpad [13][14]. Within the mid Sixties Seymour Papert, a mathematician who had been working with Piaget in Geneva, got here to america the place he co-founded the MIT Synthetic Intelligence Laboratory with Marvin Minsky. Papert labored with the workforce from Bolt, Beranek and Newman, led by Wallace Feurzeig that created the primary model of Brand [25] in 1967. Within the late sixties Alan Kay [2][3][17] used the time period ‘private pc’ and created an idea prototype, the FLEX Machine, he additionally envisaged a ‘Dynabook’ machine, the sketches for this look similar to the laptop computer computer systems of latest years. The Simula [28] language was developed by Ole-Johan Dahl and Kristen Nygaard and this included Object-Oriented ideas. Douglas Engelbert’s labored on a challenge to reinforce the human mind, as a part of the Increase [8] challenge he display Hypertext and video conferencing.
Nineteen Seventies
Alan Kay joined the Xerox Palo Alto Analysis Middle (PARC) [17][19] California in 1971. All through the seventies the group at PARC led by Dr. Kay developed an built-in programming language and programming atmosphere known as Smalltalk [10]. Within the early seventies the Alto private pc was created on the PARC. The Alto ultimately featured the world’s first What-You-See-Is-What-You-Get (WYSIWYG) editor, a business mouse for enter, a graphical consumer interface (GUI), and bit-mapped show, and supplied menus and icons, and linked to an area space community. The Alto supplied the muse for Xerox’s STAR 8010 Data System. There was nonetheless a must discover a frequent use for a private pc that will enhance the demand for it. In 1978, Harvard Enterprise Faculty pupil, Daniel Bricklin, got here up with the thought for an interactive seen calculator. Bricklin and Bob Frankston then co-invented the software program program VisiCalc [1]. VisiCalc was a spreadsheet, and the primary ‘killer’ utility for private computer systems as this utility supplied a justification for utilizing private computer systems as a productive instrument.
Eighties
In the course of the Eighties possession of private computer systems turned more and more well-liked and lots of dwelling customers programmed utilizing BASIC. Within the early eighties IBM developed the primary private pc constructed from off the shelf components (known as open structure) [15]. This included a command line working system written by Microsoft and the Microsoft BASIC programming language. Apple developed the GUI additional for the Lisa [5] that later turned the Macintosh (Mac). The IBM fashion PC turned hottest for enterprise functions, whereas the Apple Mac was typically used for Desktop publishing.
Nineties
Finish Consumer Programming analysis has continued to the current day. Analysis has continued in methods of Visible Programming [9] e.g. Alice [4], Programming by Instance [2][21], programming with automated help [20], and Pure Language Programming [27]. Squeak and Croquet[6] have developed from the early work in Smalltalk.
Tim Berners-Lee [23] developed HyperText Markup Language (HTML), and has been concerned with the World Huge Net Consortium (W3C) [29] in growing requirements base languages for the Net. This has inspired the expansion of the ‘Semantic Net’ [11] which permits each people and computer systems to look and work together with pages extra and so inspired the event of interactive net pages and communities.
2000s
Latest, current and future analysis can allow the usage of semantic net applied sciences, (developed from HTML by Tim Berners-Lee [23] and others), to allow Finish Consumer Programming. This fusion of analysis and applied sciences is illustrated by Henry Lieberman’s dwelling web page [12] which has explanations of each areas of analysis. Examples of this fusion embody Protégé [22], Jena [16], TopBraid Composer [24], and OpenCyc [18]. Details about these applied sciences is out there in my semantic net web page – . A associated growth is that of net 2.0. Visible growth environments primarily based on AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript And XML) [26] goal to breed on the net, the performance supplied by workplace tools similar to Excel (which is commonly used as an Finish Consumer Programming Setting). Details about Ajax and Net 2.0 is out there in my Ajax/web2.0 web page – .
References
1. A Transient Historical past of Spreadsheets – http://dssresources.com/history/sshistory.html – Choice Help System Sources – by D. J. Energy, Editor, DSSResources.COM.
2. Alan Kay – http://www.acypher.com/wwid/FrontMatter/index.html – Watch What I Do – Programming by Instance.
3. Alan Kay ETech 2003 presentation – http://www.lisarein.com/alankay/tour.html – Lisa Rein’s Tour Of Alan Kay’s Etech 2003 Presentation.
4. Alice v2.0 – http://www.alice.org/ – Study to Program Interactive 3D Graphics.
5. Apple Lisa – http://fp3.antelecom.net/gcifu/applemuseum/lisa2.html – The First Reasonably priced GUI – Lisa 1 Jan-83 Jan-84, Lisa 2 Jan-84 Apr-85.
6. Croquet – http://www.opencroquet.org/ – a brand new open supply software program platform for creating deeply collaborative multi-user on-line functions.
7. Dartmouth BASIC – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dartmouth_BASIC – Wikipedia.
8. The Demo – – Stanford College.
9. Dmoz Open Listing Mission – – Visible Languages – Programming Languages Reference – Visible Languages.
10. The Early Historical past Of Smalltalk by Alan Kay – – 1967-69–The FLEX Machine, a primary try at an OOP-based private pc – Alan Kay – Smalltalk.org.
11. Fifteen Years of the Net – http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/5243862.stm – Web Timeline – BBC Expertise.
12. Henry Lieberman – http://web.media.mit.edu/~lieber/ – Analysis Scientist – MIT Media Laboratory.
13. Historical past of HCI – http://www.idemployee.id.tue.nl/g.w.m.rauterberg/presentations/HCI-history – Key programs, individuals and concepts – Presentation by Matthias Rauterberg.
14. Historical past of HCI – Sketchpad (1963) – http://www.idemployee.id.tue.nl/g.w.m.rauterberg/presentations/HCI-history/sld020.htm – Ivan Sutherland – MIT Lab – Presentation by Matthias Rauterberg.
15. Inventors of the Fashionable Pc – http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa031599.htm -The Historical past of the IBM PC – Worldwide Enterprise Machines.
16. Jena – [http://jena.hpl.hp.com/juc2006/proceedings.html] – First Jena Consumer Convention – Proceedings.
17. Kyoto Prize Laureates 2004 – [http://www.kyotoprize.org/commentary_kay.htm] – 2004 Kyoto Prize Laureates – Dr. Alan Curtis Kay (U.S.A., b. 1940) – Pc Scientist, President, Viewpoints Analysis Institute.
18. OpenCyc – – OpenCyc.org – Basic information base and commonsense reasoning engine.
19. Palo Alto Analysis Middle (PARC) – Historical past – [http://www.parc.xerox.com/about/history/default.html] – PARC Historical past.
20. The Programmer’s Apprentice – http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=87912&dl=ACM&coll=GUIDE – The ACM Digital Library.
21. Programming by Instance – http://web.media.mit.edu/~lieber/PBE/index.html.
22. Protege – http://protege.stanford.edu/ – Protégé Dwelling – Ontology Improvement Setting.
23. Tim Berners – [http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/Lee] – Tim Berners-Lee.
24. TopBraid – – Semantic Modeling Toolset – Visible modeling atmosphere.
25. What’s Brand? – – MIT Brand Basis, What’s Brand.
26. Wikipedia – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajax_%28programming%29 – Ajax (programming).
27. Wikipedia – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_language_and_computation – Pure language processing.
28. Simula – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simula – Simula.
29. World Huge Net Consortium (W3C) – http://www.w3.org – Main the Net to Its Full Potential….
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